We monitor (inter)national developments in the context of tax transparency. Complying with the legislation in the countries in which we operate our activities, we have filed a country-by-country report in the Netherlands and our notifications in other countries to the extent required. Also in 2022, these (inter)national developments were discussed to assess whether our stance towards these developments should be adjusted. We hereby continue to strive for optimal tax transparency. As a result of this continuous assessment, the following details of our tax position are provided.
Download spreadsheetYear ended at 31 December | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|
Number of employees (average FTE) | 22,181 | 21,715 |
Total revenue including interest | 3,467 | 3,148 |
Profit before income taxes | 302 | (1,311) |
Total income tax expense | 74 | (330) |
Effective income tax rate | 24.4% | 25.1% |
Given the different activities we operate across our business segments, we pay a number of different types of tax. In addition to corporate income tax, VAT and sales tax (borne and collected) and wage tax & social security contributions (borne and collected) are the most material ones. In 2022, we paid €480 million (2021: €547 million) in tax.
Download spreadsheetYear ended at 31 December | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|
Corporate income tax | 76 | (1) |
Wage tax and social security contributions | 291 | 299 |
VAT and sales tax | 158 | 147 |
Dividend withholding tax | 17 | 14 |
Other taxes | 6 | 21 |
Total | 547 | 480 |
The comparison between 2021 and 2022 shows some general changes in our tax metrics. Both Corporate income tax and VAT and sales tax decreased substantially compared to 2021, due to timing and the material lower business performance. Wage tax and social security contributions increased due to higher salaries as an outcome of the negotiations for a new collective labour agreement. The Other taxes increased mainly due to higher custom duties (including VAT impact) as a result of the abolition of the low value exemption on VAT.
The vast majority of our business is concentrated in the Benelux. To provide transparency on the locations of our business, results and corresponding taxes, we provide a breakdown with general information and total tax contribution (borne and collected) as well as a list of group entities in appendix 6.
Download spreadsheetCountry | Number of employees (average FTE) | Total revenue including interest | Profit/(loss) before income taxes | Total income tax expense | Effective income tax rate (in %) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Netherlands | 20,772 | 2,751 | (1,301) | (331) | 25.5% |
Belgium | 576 | 78 | (6) | (0) | 4.9% |
France | 15 | 10 | (0) | 1 | -273.2% |
Germany | 75 | 50 | (0) | 1 | -205.2% |
Italy | 26 | 18 | (0) | (0) | 31.8% |
Great Britain | 77 | 33 | (0) | 0 | -22.2% |
Switzerland | 9 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 19.9% |
Spain | 83 | 50 | (0) | 0 | -31.1% |
Hungary | 7 | 1 | (0) | 0 | -6.3% |
Czech Republic | 12 | 11 | (3) | (1) | 19.0% |
Poland | 4 | 3 | (0) | (0) | 19.0% |
Russian Federation | 2 | 0 | (0) | (0) | 19.4% |
United States | 5 | (0) | (0) | (0) | 27.9% |
Canada | 22 | 19 | (0) | 1 | -316.8% |
Hong Kong | 29 | 113 | (1) | 0 | -10.5% |
Singapore | 1 | 0 | (0) | (0) | 34.6% |
Total 2022 | 21,715 | 3,148 | (1,311) | (330) | 25.1% |
Country | Corporate income tax | Wage tax and social security contributions | VAT and sales tax | Dividend withholding tax | Other taxes | Total tax contribution1 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
borne | collected | borne | collected | borne | collected | borne | collected | borne | collected | borne2 | collected3 | |
Netherlands | 35 | 1 | 119 | (280) | 19 | (151) | 0 | (14) | 7 | (20) | 181 | (464) |
Belgium | 1 | (0) | 8 | (14) | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (1) | 9 | (4) |
France | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (1) |
Germany | 0 | 1 | 1 | (2) | 0 | (5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (6) |
Italy | (0) | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Great Britain | 0 | 0 | 0 | (1) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0) |
Switzerland | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) |
Spain | (0) | (0) | 1 | (1) | 2 | (4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | (5) |
Hungary | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0) |
Czech Republic | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
Poland | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
Russian Federation | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | (0) |
United States | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Canada | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | (0) |
Hong Kong | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) |
Singapore | (0) | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | (0) |
Total 2022 | 364 | 1 | 130 | (299) | 22 | (147) | 0 | (14) | 8 | (21) | 196 | (480)5 |